Generali CFO hails “unique and distinctive ESG features” of new Lion Re cat bond

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Commenting on the successful placement of its new €200 million Lion Re DAC Series 2025-1) catastrophe bond, sponsor Generali’s Group CFO Cristiano Borean hailed the “unique and distinctive ESG features” of the cat bond, also citing “a further enhancement in terms of structural efficiency, optimisation and flexibility,” thanks to the new shelf programme under Lion Re.

generali-green-catastrophe-bondAs we’ve been reporting, Generali returned to the catastrophe bond market at the beginning of May, with an initial target to secure €200 million of multi-year and fully collateralized reinsurance to protect it against losses from windstorms affecting Europe and earthquakes affecting Italy.

We then reported that Generali successfully secured this renewal of its green catastrophe bond, with the Lion Re DAC transaction finalised at its target size and with pricing of the two tranches of notes at either end of their initial ranges.

As a result of which, Generali benefits from the full €200 million of multi-year collateralized reinsurance protection from the capital markets through Lion Re DAC.

Now, the company has announced its satisfaction in securing its latest catastrophe bond backed reinsurance protection.

Cristiano Borean, Generali Group CFO, commented, “Generali’s well-established presence in the ILS capital market is once again confirmed by this fourth successful catastrophe bond issuance, with a further enhancement in terms of structural efficiency, optimisation and flexibility, thanks to the ILS shelf programme.

“As a responsible insurer and investor, this issuance with its unique and distinctive ESG features, once again demonstrates our sustainability-rooted excellence by integrating ESG principles into alternative risk transfer solutions, while also effectively embedding ILS instruments into our capital management strategy.”

Marco Sesana, Generali Group General Manager, added, “Our new catastrophe bond reaffirms Generali’s strong relationship with ILS investors, which started in 2014 with the issuance of our first catastrophe bond.

“ILS capital is completely integrated and complementary to our traditional reinsurance strategy. This first transaction, under the newly shelf programme, reflects the continued trust in the quality of our portfolio and our disciplined approach to risk management. Furthermore, it is fully aligned to our Lifetime Partner 2027 strategy, advancing our sustainability value proposition, thanks to the ESG structure at the core of this issuance.”

Lion Re DAC provides a platform for multi-arrangement issuance of catastrophe bonds under the special purpose vehicle, which the company said will provide “further flexibility with regard to the sponsorship of multiple catastrophe bond issuances over time within a specific framework.”

Well-known insurance-linked securities (ILS) specialist arrangers and bankers Aon Securities and GC Securities acted as Joint Structuring Agents and Joint Bookrunners for the Lion Re DAC transaction.

As we’d said before in reporting on this recently settled cat bond issuance, under the terms of Generali’s Green, Social and Sustainability Insurance-linked Securities Framework, this new Lion Re DAC catastrophe bond will free up an amount of its own capital, equal to the cat bonds limit. This can then be allocated to eligible projects by the company, while the collateral will be invested in EBRD AAA rated green notes. The insurer will also report on the allocation of the freed up capital and the project benefits derived from that, we understand.

You can read all about this new Lion Re DAC catastrophe bond and every other cat bond ever issued in the Artemis Deal Directory.

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ILS gain ground as ESG diversification tool: IPS Capital’s Maida

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As investors grapple with the challenges of market concentration, rate uncertainty, and sustainability underperformance, insurance-linked securities (ILS) are emerging as a compelling solution for ESG-focused portfolios, according to Tiziana Maida, Head of Research at investment management, wealth planning and consulting specialist IPS Capital LLP.

In a recent commentary, Maida outlined how IPS Capital incorporated ILS into its ESG portfolios in the fourth quarter of 2024, highlighting the asset class’s diversification benefits and alignment with environmental and social goals.

“With this scenario in mind, we have focused on alternative investments that are not exposed to the risk of higher rates for longer, such as insurance-linked securities which we have added to ESG portfolio in Q4 last year,” she said.

“By their nature, ILS align well with our commitment to environmental, social, and governance principles as they play a crucial role in addressing climate change-related events,” Maida explained.

Maida also pointed out that beyond financial returns, ILS contribute to real-world resilience.

“ILS help insurers and reinsurers manage these growing risks. By investing in these products, we can then support the insurance industry’s ability to provide coverage for climate-related events, enhancing social resilience and providing financial support for rebuilding efforts after natural disasters,” she added.

The short duration of ILS, which is typically up to one year, makes them particularly adaptable to climate risk, as they can reprice annually to reflect changing environmental conditions.

As Maida goes on to note, this provides investors with updated compensation for emerging climate exposures.

In addition, Maida also highlighted the asset class’s growing recognition within the sustainable finance framework.

“A significant portion of ILS assets are now classified as Article 8 under the European Union Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), highlighting their sustainability focus,” she explained.

Adding: “Moreover, ILS are increasingly being used with a development angle, such as bonds issued to protect against earthquake risk in developing countries. This approach allows investors to support disaster risk financing in developing nations, aligning with sustainable development goals.”

She continued: “The financial benefits of these products also offer a compelling narrative. They often offer favorable terms compared to corporate bonds of similar credit quality. ILS are trading on an average spread of 8.8% over the risk free and they display a current average expected credit loss of just over 2% which compares favorably to the 3.2% credit loss for global high yield bonds as reported by the credit rating agency Moody’s.”

Amid growing market volatility, climate risks, and pressure on ESG strategies to deliver, Maida views ILS as a unique asset class that combines strong return potential with risk resilience and measurable impact.

“By incorporating ILS into our investment strategy, we are not only potentially enhancing returns and diversification but also contributing to a more resilient and sustainable global economy,” Maida concludes.

Furthermore, IPS Capital’s Chief Investment Officer Chris Brown recently noted that, “Our insurance linked securities are unaffected by tariff noise (which is of course one of their core attractions) and are also up for the month and year so far.”

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We need to use the power of the capital market for innovation: Henchoz at PwC event

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Jean-Jacques Henchoz, Chairman of the Board of BMS Group and former CEO of Hannover Re, gave an impassioned plea for the reinsurance industry today to make inroads into narrowing protection gaps, seeing innovation, technology and a culture of experimentation as key, while the capital markets are a vital tool to achieve this.

jean-jacques-henchoz-monte-carlo-rvsSpeaking at the annual PwC breakfast briefing in Monte Carlo this morning, Henchoz’s comments were a refreshing and realistic scorecard for the industry’s efforts in narrowing protection gaps, as he highlighted that in fact they continue to expand as uninsured losses rise in many cases.

He encouraged a reinsurance industry embrace of the capital markets and alternative capital, seeing it as having the potential to support the traditional industry’s efforts to make inroads on protection gaps.

Which comes in stark contrast to the comments from some major reinsurers, as we reported earlier today.

Henchoz explained the problem the industry faces is one of reputation risk, as re/insurers have made a lot of noise around the protection gap topic over the years, but evidence of narrowing is not especially apparent yet.

Looking back to conversations he has had, Henchoz said, “I was expressing a concern about the future relevance of the reinsurance industry and the reason for that is that I felt that these protection gaps were on the increase. I felt that over time, if you don’t react as an industry, it would be increasingly challenging for us to have the reputation we need to do our business.

“I do believe that as an industry, and really across the board, we really need to stretch ourselves on innovation. We have to up our game as an industry, to really show, demonstrate, that we can push the frontiers of insurability.

“And then if we are in that position, I believe, frankly, that we have a good set of arguments to tell other stakeholders that we’ve done our job.”

Henchoz then highlighted that the natural catastrophe protection gap, between economic and insured losses, hovers around the 60% mark globally.

“So almost two-thirds of losses for large nat cat events are not covered by insurance. So clearly that’s at the core of the reputational risk I was mentioning,” he explained.

“In emerging markets generally, the insurance penetration remains persistently low compared to industrialised economies, and this is a significant opportunity for the reinsurance industry.

“It will improve, of course, with the emergence of middle classes. But we’re still at a point in time where there is a very significant opportunity to tap into.”

Henchoz believes the industry may face a crisis of credibility if it fails to demonstrate progress and fails to show that it is truly embracing the innovation opportunity, his comments suggest.

He continued, “I think as much as we need to raise our voice to address these topics, I think we are becoming a bit too much in a defensive mode lately. I do believe that in order to gain in credibility as an industry, we need to show that we’re really taking innovation seriously, that we try very hard to narrow down protection gaps.

“If we do so, I think we will have a much more credible voice in this debate across stakeholders, particularly governments, who are an important part of the response here.

“It doesn’t seem that innovation, per se, is perceived as a key success factor to growth and competitiveness in our industry. At least, if I take my experience of the last 10 years when I spoke to analysts, there were a few questions on innovation, but not that much. And I dare say that probably the valuation of reinsurance companies has not been driven materially by innovation.”

One area where the industry has the opportunity to both stretch itself and demonstrate true innovation, is around alternative reinsurance capital and insurance-linked securities (ILS), Henchoz believes.

In fact, ILS and the capital markets were highlighted by the senior industry executive before anything else, as innovative tool that can assist the industry to really make more progress on protection gaps.

“We have some good cards to play, nevertheless, and one card to play is very much the alternative capital market. Which cannot be so easily separated from traditional reinsurance, there is a lot of cooperation,” Henchoz explained.

Continuing to say that, “I believe that this is a market which is not only here to stay, but also a market which will expand, largely now in the nat cat space, the ILS market has grown by over 10% year on year, and it supplies roughly 15% to 20% of global capacity. So not bad.

“It provides diversification, liquidity, flexibility, and this beyond the traditional balance sheets. But as importantly, I think the alternative market continues to look for expansion outside of the nat cat space, and this is, for me, very, very good news.

“I do hope that in the next five to ten years, we are going to see the emergence of a cat bond market in cyber which will be needed to create capacity to support the market.

“So we need to really make sure we can use the power of the capital market for innovation.”

Henchoz further called for action during his speech today, saying, “Without meaningful action to close protection gaps, the reinsurance sector risks losing its societal license to operate, and with it, its recognition as a vital shock absorber for the global economy.

“This is about shaping the future of risk, as opposed to letting it shape us. Relevance must be earned.”

We need to use the power of the capital market for innovation: Henchoz at PwC event was published by: www.Artemis.bm
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Blockchain reinsurer Re deploys $134m in reinsurance capital for Jan renewals

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Blockchain-backed reinsurer Re has announced the deployment of $134 million in reinsurance capital across multiple programs as the industry begins to head into the key January renewals season.

re-blockchain-reinsuranceRe is a decentralised reinsurance infrastructure platform that leverages blockchain technology, seeking to bring greater transparency and efficiency to the global reinsurance capital market.

Established in 2022, the company bridges traditional and crypto capital markets with reinsurance, enabling investors to earn yield from insurance premiums while giving insurers streamlined access to capital.

Moreover, Re confirmed that as the January 1st renewals unfolds, the $134 million of reinsurance capital will be deployed across its insurance partners’ programs, as well as renewed authorisations.

The deployment of reinsurance capital for the renewals has been made across a broad range of insurance lines, including commercial auto, general liability, property, and workers’ compensation.

The firm emphasised that these authorisations represent real insurance programs supported by Re’s on-chain capital infrastructure rather than abstract financial products.

“This milestone reflects more than just a number. It’s evidence of growing confidence in Re’s model, the maturation of our marketplace, and our expanding role as a critical piece of infrastructure in the global insurance system,” Re commented.

The firm also outlined how its marketplace continues to gain meaningful, sustainable traction.

“We’re not just building infrastructure in isolation. We’re actively deploying capital that protects businesses and individuals across the economy,” Re explained.

“The fact that this $134 million includes both new programs and renewals is particularly meaningful. New programs show that additional insurers are choosing to work with Re. Renewals demonstrate that existing partners are seeing value and coming back. Both signals point to the same conclusion: the model is working.”

Additionally, Re highlighted three key ways in which blockchain technology is helping to strengthen the reinsurance market.

“Traditionally, this market has been dominated by large institutions operating through opaque, inefficient processes. Deals get structured through lengthy negotiations, capital allocation happens behind closed doors, and access to the market has been limited to the largest players. Re is changing that equation.

“By bringing transparency, efficiency, and accessibility to reinsurance through blockchain technology, we’re creating a more resilient global safety net for insurance risk. Capital providers can see exactly what they’re backing, insurers can access capacity more efficiently, and the entire process operates with transparency,” the company explained.

Re continued: “The insurance industry is facing mounting pressures: climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, economic uncertainty is creating volatility in claims patterns, and traditional reinsurance capacity has become more expensive and harder to access in certain lines. In this environment, innovation isn’t optional, it’s essential.

“The industry needs new sources of capital, new ways of structuring risk, and new infrastructure that can adapt quickly to changing conditions. Re provides all three.”

Concluding: “As the January 1st season unfolds, this authorized capital will be deployed across our insurance partners’ programs. Each dollar represents coverage capacity, the ability for insurers to confidently write policies, knowing they have reinsurance backing. We expect this momentum to continue. As more insurers experience the benefits of Re’s platform, and as more capital providers see the risk-adjusted returns available, the network effects strengthen.”

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Cat bonds highlighted as an untapped fixed income impact and return opportunity

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While fixed income is the world’s largest asset class, it is not commonly recognised for investments making social or environmental impact. But a recent report explains why investors should look more closely at fixed income assets and catastrophe bonds are highlighted as one impact investing opportunity within the segment.

sustainable-investment-cat-bonds-ils-esgThe report comes from a research collaboration between Builders Vision, an investor and philanthropist team that looks to accelerate impact solutions and counts the Walton family office as a backer, Tideline, a consultancy that works to catalyse the development of the impact investing market, and BlueMark, a verification and intelligence provider to the impact and sustainable investing market.

Catastrophe bonds and other insurance-linked securities (ILS) have long been cited for their ability to generate real impact in society, through their ability to transfer natural disaster and weather risk to the capital markets, while payouts from the instruments go towards insurance claims, paying for reconstruction and redevelopment after catastrophe strikes.

While the ILS community and many across insurance and reinsurance markets recognise the societal value of risk transfer and the protection it affords, increasingly we are seeing catastrophe bonds in particular highlighted as an opportunity for impact investors.

Catastrophe bonds and other ILS investments certainly meet the topic of a fixed income instrument that can deliver meaningful and positive societal impact, that is often hidden from sight of many allocators.

The authors of the report argue that “impact fixed income is a rapidly growing asset class with predictable and comparable financial returns to traditional fixed income investments.”

One of the key features of the fixed income asset class that is particularly relevant for the cat bond and ILS asset class is “responsiveness”, which the report authors explain as, “capacity to rapidly mobilize capital to address our most urgent needs, such as responding to natural disasters and pandemics.”

In highlighting the impact potential of catastrophe bonds, the report authors refer to the case of the Tohoku, Japan earthquake in 201.

Some readers will recall that the Tohoku earthquake resulted in the triggering and total loss to the $300 million Muteki Ltd. catastrophe bond transaction.

The Muteki Ltd. cat bond was issued in 2008 by global reinsurance company Munich Re on behalf of Japanese cooperative Zenkyoren, one of the longest-standing sponsors of catastrophe bonds.

The Muteki catastrophe bond utilised a parametric index trigger and so was able to payout relatively quickly to the benefit of Zenkyoren. The earthquake occurred on March 11th 2011 and we reported on the confirmation that the Muteki deal had been triggered and would face a total loss on May 7th that year.

The report, Scaling Solutions: The Fixed Income Opportunity Hiding in Plain Sight (available here) explains that the example of the Muteki cat bond shows fixed income instruments having impact in meeting urgent needs in real time.

It states, “Following the 2011 Tōhuku earthquake and tsunami—the fourth most powerful earthquake in recorded history — catastrophe bonds were instrumental to raising capital to support disaster relief. Issued by Munich Re, JA Kyosai’s catastrophe bond was able to raise USD $300 million for timely disaster payouts.”

Meeting urgent needs in real time is an “underappreciated” and unique impact function of fixed income, as evidenced by the cat bond structure, “which are distinct from those of other asset classes, yet critically important and complementary to an impact investing toolkit,” the report explains.

For fixed income in general, the report points to its suitability for such use-cases, given the inherent liquidity, the fact it is a well-established asset class, has a long history of investor confidence and established market infrastructure.

Of course, we are just cherry-picking one small example from the report as it references cat bonds, but overall we feel it is well-deserving of a read as it drives home many of the things we’ve written about for years, regarding the use of ILS as impactful disaster risk financing structures.

In the report’s conclusion the following paragraphs resonate with the remit of the cat bond and ILS market, “Fixed income has long been the bedrock of institutional allocators’ portfolios—valued for its financial capabilities of generating stable and predictable returns, adding liquidity, and providing essential diversification benefits. However, its potential as a powerful lever of social and environmental impact has been relatively untapped and underexplored. It is time to shift the narrative on fixed income. Fixed income is more than just an instrument for capital preservation. Rather, it has enormous and growing potential as a vehicle for achieving targeted and authentic impact outcomes at scale.

“With global challenges demanding trillions in capital, expanding the impact investing toolkit to include a broader range of instruments—particularly those capable of mobilizing large volumes of capital—is essential. To this end, investors must be intrepid in exploring how fixed income, the world’s largest asset class, can be intentionally activated for impact. And institutional asset allocators, as by far the largest investors in the fixed income markets, are uniquely positioned to lead the charge.”

Again, the full report, Scaling Solutions: The Fixed Income Opportunity Hiding in Plain Sight, is available to download here.

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Jamaica’s PM credits disaster risk financing with reducing debt burden after Hurricane Melissa

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Reflecting on the impacts of Hurricane Melissa, Jamaica’s Prime Minister Dr. Andrew Holness has stressed the importance and effectiveness of responsive disaster risk financing instruments in reducing the country’s debt burden in the aftermath of the hurricane.

According to estimates from the World Bank Group, in coordination with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the physical damage to Jamaica caused by Hurricane Melissa totals US$8.8 billion, which is equivalent to 41% percent of the country’s 2024 GDP, making it the costliest hurricane recorded in Jamaica’s history.

The World Bank confirmed that the Global Rapid Damage Estimation (GRADE) which was conducted immediately after the hurricane, assessed physical damage across residential, non-residential, infrastructure, and agricultural sectors. However, the estimation does not include broader economic losses, which are expected to be even more significant.

Preliminary findings revealed that 41% of the assessed damages were to residential buildings, 33% to infrastructure, 21% to non-residential buildings, and 5% to the agriculture sector, which includes livestock and related infrastructure.

Speaking in Parliament yesterday, PM Holness said: “The authorities administrative expenditure will be financed from the national budget, as other agencies are, however, recovery and reconstruction activities will be financed initially from the National Natural Disaster Recovery Fund, the NNDRF.

“The NNDRF was set up to receive the proceeds of Jamaica’s disaster risk instruments, including Jamaica’s catastrophe bond, policies with the Caribbean catastrophe reinsurance facility CCRIF and various credit contingent claims with the IDB and the World Bank. These amounts will total US $650 million.”

Shortly after having its CCRIF parametric tropical cyclone insurance triggered by major hurricane Melissa’s winds, we reported that Jamaica was set to receive a payout under its CCRIF SPC parametric excess rainfall policy, taking the total it will receive to $91.9 million.

On that same day, the World Bank also confirmed that the Government of Jamaica will also receive a full 100% payout of its $150 million IBRD CAR Jamaica 2024 parametric catastrophe bond.

This announcement was not particularly unexpected, as just days after Melissa made landfall in Jamaica, the World Bank had suggested that a payout of the country’s catastrophe bond was likely.

PM Holness continued: “It is likely that the government of Jamaica will have to borrow to finance reconstruction beyond what will be available in our NNDRF. We have immediate access to approximately and please note, I use the word approximately, US $500 million from the IMF Rapid Financing facility the RFI. The RFI facility does not come with policy conditionality, so we will start this reconstruction effort with approximately US $1.15 billion in immediate funds.

“This is significant. To mention this under normal circumstances, it would take us three fiscal years to spend such funds in capital expenditure under normal circumstances.

“Just infrastructure there is $2.9 billion of infrastructure damage, that you could say is the government’s responsibility totally. And then there is a part of residential that would be government as well. And then there is a part of private, meaning private homes and private facilities that government may also have to assist. And then there is the relief and the recovery expenditure.”

Adding: “So we have here a total of US $1.15 billion, a part of it is the insurance and the contingencies that we have, and a part of it is immediately accessible debt that we could start but just from the assessment here, which is not the final assessment.

“You know, there’s $8.8 billion of damage for which the government would more likely be responsible for at least half. So, there is still a gap that will have to be funded, and that will have to be funded by additional borrowing.”

It’s important to remember that if it were not for the $650 million that Jamaica will receive from the cat bonds, parametric insurance from the CCRIF and other contingent disaster risk financing instruments, the government would have needed to borrow that sum as well. This would have increased the country’s debt burden and worsened its debt to GDP ratio.

“The government has to be frugal. It has to be careful. It has to watch no more than ever. It has to watch every dollar that is spent,” PM Holness said.

Concluding: “Because, yes, we are in a good position. No doubt, we have never been in a position when a disaster struck. And we don’t have to be scrounging around to find $1.15 billion, we have it there to start.

“That is because of the fiscal management of the government that builds resilience in our fiscal affairs.”

Previously, debt had always been the default answer for countries recovering from natural disasters. But increasingly layered approaches to disaster risk financing, across all forms including insurance products, is becoming a valuable way to decrease the debt burden post-event, by planning before the worst happens.

There is, of course, nothing wrong with debt arrangements, as long as the overall financing structure for an economy is considered, with costs and the responsiveness of different instruments well thought through.

Also read for more news on hurricane Melissa and Jamaica’s catastrophe bond:

– Hurricane Melissa crosses Jamaica cat bond parametric boxes at 892mb, 100% payout likely.

– Hurricane Melissa losses in Jamaica likely to fall to reinsurers, says AM Best. BMS suggests $5bn+.

– Melissa insured impacts in the billions. Jamaica cat bond full loss most likely: Twelve Securis.

– Jamaica’s cat bond “doing what it was designed to do” – Lefferdink, Aon Securities.

– Hurricane Melissa estimated single-digit billion insured loss. Cat bond payout likely: Aon.

– Jamaica cat bond marked near zero after Melissa landfall. Calculation process underway.

– World Bank says Jamaica catastrophe bond payout “likely” for hurricane Melissa

– No adverse ILS market reaction expected from Melissa cat bond payout: Fitch

Jamaica to receive full $150m payout from parametric cat bond after Hurricane Melissa: World Bank

Premier Ebanks urges Cayman Islands to consider cat bonds after Hurricane Melissa

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Collateralized reinsurance and innovation – Expanding access to protection and capital: McKeown, Vantage Risk

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With collateralized reinsurance emerging as a key tool for insurers seeking greater flexibility and access to alternative forms of capital, the industry’s focus should be on expanding the overall market for protection, drawing on all types of capital to meet rising demand, Chris McKeown of Vantage Risk told us in an interview.

chris-mckeown-vantageMcKeown, who serves as Chief Executive, Reinsurance, ILS, and Innovation at the firm, discussed with Artemis where he sees the balance between collateralized reinsurance and other alternative capital structures shifting towards in the next few years.

“I think there’s tremendous opportunity when we talk about the “protection gap”, the fact that, globally, we still don’t sell enough protection against catastrophic events or risk in general. It’s human nature to put on blinders a bit when it comes to what could happen, and unfortunately, that tendency carries over into our industry,” McKeown said.

“We all have an opportunity to grow the market for protection. The question is whether there’s enough balance sheet capital to keep pace in order to continue providing products that meet that growing need. Maybe there isn’t, but that’s where innovation can play a role.”

The executive told Artemis that he believes more of that innovation will stem from insurance-linked securities (ILS) structures, investors and vehicles that are willing to take on new kinds of risk and push into new products or business models.

“Parametric products are a key example,” McKeown said. “They haven’t quite taken off yet, but they illustrate what’s possible: a simpler, more user-friendly way to buy protection.

“Instead of filing a claim and waiting for an adjuster, a customer could receive a payout automatically if a defined event like a certain amount of rainfall or wind speed occurs. That kind of innovation, supported by ILS capital, could really help expand the overall market.”

McKeown also states that a large batch of investors are sophisticated in their own use of artificial intelligence (AI) and modeling, affirming that they’re asking the right questions that are tackling product innovation that addresses risks more efficiently.

In fact, McKeown stressed that those conversations with ILS investors are highly important and serve as a real catalyst for change and growth across the industry.

“That said, I think we’ll see more affiliated, or hybrid models emerge. Models that bring in collateral to support portfolios, either by fronting for collateralized reinsurers or by partnering with them directly. In some cases, that might even displace the rated carrier altogether, allowing capital to flow more directly to MGAs or other distribution partners. We’re already seeing examples of E&S carriers and MGAs receiving direct support from ILS-backed security or similar structures,” the executive added.

“Overall, I think this is a growing and evolving market, one that’s serving as a catalyst for us to think differently about how to grow the overall pie. Whether that growth comes at the expense of traditional reinsurance or cat bonds isn’t really the point. The goal should be expanding the total market for protection, and to do that, we’ll need to continue accessing all types of capital as we move forward.”

Moving forward, McKeown shared Vantage Risk’s views on AI, and whether the technology is a major priority for the firm going forward.

“It’s a broad topic, but we’ve fully embraced and worked to understand the applications of AI. From day one, we’ve been very deliberate in how we build and structure our data so that it can be cleanly interrogated over time and in the future.

“We’re fully cloud-based, and of our 360 people, about 80 to 85 are focused on data, analytics, and technology – data engineers, data scientists, and data technicians. Their role is to ensure our data remains accessible and usable, whether by humans or machines, as the business evolves,” McKeown said.

“That’s been a major focus for us. Because one of the biggest challenges with legacy systems is that the data they contain, even if it exists, often can’t be accessed or used meaningfully. You might have the machines, but if the data isn’t clean, you’re not going to get the right answers. So, we’ve invested heavily in getting that foundation right,” the executive added.

McKeown explained to Artemis that Vantage is continuously exploring applications of large language models in order to understand how they can enhance the firm’s own operations and how they’ll be incorporated into the broader market.

“We’ve already embedded several AI initiatives internally, particularly around data management and technology enablement, but we haven’t launched anything outward-facing as a commercial carrier just yet,” McKeown said.

“That said, we believe this is fundamentally a relationship-driven business. It requires people to talk to people. Having better, richer information is a huge advantage, but AI isn’t going to replace the core functions of underwriting or the human dialogue with brokers and clients that underpins those decisions. So, our focus with AI, and with all of our technology initiatives, is really about empowerment, arming our curious, experienced, and intellectually driven underwriters with better tools and insights to make smarter decisions, and to explain those decisions clearly to their counterparties.”

To conclude, we asked McKeown to outline what he feels are the biggest challenges and opportunities within the ILS space today.

“One interesting trend we’re seeing is a shift in investor behaviour. Initially, many investors entered the catastrophe space opportunistically, they saw a year where rates were high, modeled returns looked attractive, and liquidity was available through instruments like catastrophe bonds.

“Naturally, they pursued those opportunities. But now we’re hearing a different question from our investors: ‘How can we ensure continued access to this business over time?’

“That’s where the affiliated model (the one we operate under) becomes important. We have a balance sheet business, a core insurance operation that our 360 staff are deeply committed to. When we see market opportunities, we can bring in partnership capital to participate. But if those opportunities dry up because of market competition or shifts in buying behaviour, we’re not dependent solely on fees. Our model combines underwriting income with fee income, and that’s what makes Vantage unique,” McKeown concludes.

Read all of our interviews with ILS market and reinsurance sector professionals here.

Collateralized reinsurance and innovation – Expanding access to protection and capital: McKeown, Vantage Risk was published by: www.Artemis.bm
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Cat bond market helps CEA reduce its reinsurance attachment point and costs

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Over the last year the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) has benefited from strong execution in the catastrophe bond market to lower both its reinsurance attachment point and costs associated with risk transfer.

california-earthquake-authority-imgWith now three catastrophe bonds sponsored so far in 2025, the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) has steadily increased the capital markets share of its overall reinsurance tower arrangements.

While price execution in the cat bond market, thanks to what are now dramatically reduced spreads over its cat bonds issued through the last year, have assisted. Notably, it is also cat bonds that have helped the earthquake insurer shave $400 million of the attachment point for its reinsurance protection.

When we last reported on the CEA’s reinsurance tower, the traditional and collateralized or fronted reinsurance limit component had declined to $5.22 billion as of July 31st 2025.

Now, the latest data available shows a further decline in this traditional reinsurance component, with it falling to just over $5.06 billion as of September 30th 2025.

At the same time, the catastrophe bond market component had reached $2.61 billion as of the same date, with this having increased thanks to a June cat bond issuance, the $400 million Ursa Re II Ltd. (Series 2025-1).

As we reported this week, the CEA has now secured a further $770 million in cat bond coverage from its latest Ursa Re II Ltd. (Series 2025-2) deal, which settles in the next week.

For the CEA, the capital markets and catastrophe bond investors have delivered significant value in risk transfer terms over the last year.

Roughly a year ago, the CEA had just over $5.72 billion of traditional reinsurance in-force and $2.27 billion of cat bond protection outstanding.

Since then, the traditional reinsurance component has shrunk, through to September 30th 2025, while the cat bond component has grown.

While risk transfer purchases overall have shrunk there is now discussion over whether some of the industry and member assessments that would furnish parts of the upper-layers of the CEA’s funding tower could be replaced, either with reinsurance or more catastrophe bonds.

Given how efficient cat bonds could be at those top-layers of the CEA’s tower, above where it has bought private market coverage previously, it will be interesting to watch how its arrangements evolve going forwards.

The overall risk transfer tower does stand slightly smaller still though, as the CEA manages its protection to meet its needs for limit, but given the three cat bonds sponsored in 2025 it suggests the insurer is finding conditions in the capital markets to have been more conducive for securing protection through 2025 so far.

Notably, the catastrophe bond market has helped the CEA lower its overall attachment point for reinsurance in the last year.

The June issuance, the $400 million Ursa Re II 2025-1 cat bond, has an attachment point at $1.7 billion of losses to the CEA.

In its latest board documents, the CEA noted that its reinsurance attachment level reduced from $2.1 billion to $1.7 billion in its last quarter of record, which has protected an additional $400 million of capital for the earthquake insurer.

At the same time, in 2025 the CEA reported a $70 million reduction in its risk transfer expenses as well, which is in part due to reduced limits being purchased, but also due to softer reinsurance market conditions.

The reduction in attachment points, as the CEA opted to buy coverage from the capital markets in cat bond form lower-down, did offset this somewhat, but it’s clear the insurer is finding great value in expanding its cat bond coverage right now.

This is particularly evident in the new catastrophe bond that priced this week, the $770 million Ursa Re II Ltd. (Series 2025-2) deal.

As we were first to report in our coverage on that pricing earlier this week, both tranches of notes offered have priced with spread multiples-at-market that are the lowest in the CEA’s history of sponsoring cat bonds.

Notably, there is an October 2023 issued tranche of one of the CEA’s cat bonds with a comparable initial expected loss to one of the tranches of this 2025-2 deal that priced this week and the spread multiple of the newly issued tranche is some 46% lower.

Spread multiples for the CEA’s cat bond issuances have been coming in over the last year and a half for the insurer, which has no doubt helped to drive some of the risk transfer savings. This latest cat bond, which is additional to the September 30th figures reported, will only continue that trend.

Looking ahead, for the CEA’s reinsurance tower, as we said the insurer has $505 million of its $2.61 billion of cat bonds scheduled to mature at the end of this month.

Which means, once this new $770 million issuance is settled and that maturity has occurred, the CEA will go into 2026 with $2.875 billion of catastrophe bond backed reinsurance limit available to it.

At the same time, on the traditional and collateralized or fronted reinsurance side, of the CEA’s just over $5.06 billion of cover at September 30th 2025, some $646.5 million was up for renewal as of October 1st this year, but we do not know at this stage how much protection the CEA bought from reinsurance market’s at that date.

For the CEA, the January 2026 reinsurance renewal will be a particularly big one for the insurer, as it has approaching $2.54 billion of its traditional reinsurance limit that expires on December 31st.

Meaning the CEA’s overall risk transfer, reinsurance and catastrophe bond tower could change significantly over the coming months and there is also a chance the earthquake insurer looks to the capital markets again.

Given the very strong price execution and the fact catastrophe bond investors have helped the CEA reduce its attachment points as well as delivering on the greatly reduced risk interest spreads required, there is every chance the CEA returns if it feels it can achieve a better outcome and multi-year collateralized cover by sponsoring additional cat bonds over the next couple of months.

The CEA has $2.61 billion of outstanding catastrophe bond coverage still in-force as of today, sitting 5th in our cat bond sponsors leaderboard.

When the new $770 million Ursa Re II deal settles on November 25th it will increase the CEA’s cat bond backed coverage to one of the highest levels it has ever stood at, of $3.38 billion, which will propel the CEA to the top of our cat bond leaderboard for a short time.

But then $505 million of cat bonds will mature at the end of this month bringing it back down to $2.875 billion of cat bonds in-force as of December 1st 2025, leaving the CEA back in fifth place again.

View details of every catastrophe bond sponsored by the CEA in the Artemis Deal Directory.

Cat bond market helps CEA reduce its reinsurance attachment point and costs was published by: www.Artemis.bm
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